论美感经验之心理疗效 ：以柳宗元“永州八记”为例 = The psychological healing effect of aesthetic experience : using Liu Zong Yuan’s “eight records of excursions in Yongzhou” as an illustration

中唐诗人柳宗元（773-819）参与了“永贞革新”，却因改革失败，被贬永州长 达十年（805-815）,使他心灵受创。贬谪期间，他寻山觅水，邂逅西山一带怪特山水后甚喜，陆续写下了名作“永州八记”。对此，文学史评：柳宗元通过游记写作寄情于景，借景抒怀。笔者认为此说法过于简略浅显。失意者由观景至创作得以慰藉，必有深层复杂的心理活动可探究。 本文从“永州八记”美感表现的分析入手，将柳氏的美感经验概括为：观景时 受到的审美刺激和创作时营造的绘画美感之结合。笔者尝试揣摩柳氏的美感经验与其心灵抚慰之间的因果关系，推测“美感经验有助于心灵治愈”的规律。为论证此规律，本文即以“永州八记”为例，引入“发生认识论”中的“同化”与“顺应”概念和 “高峰体验”理论，解析柳氏的审美体验；再把“永州八记”再现的中国绘画美感意 识视为其主要美感表现手法进行剖析，解读柳氏的创作意韵。最后，解释上述美感经验中的“同化”与“顺应”、“高峰体验”作用，以及“心理的距离”、“内模仿”、 “律动节奏”和“对立统一”原则如何治愈柳氏的心灵创伤，助他寻回生命中的愉悦、 豁达、动力和平衡。本文期望揭示历来文人失意时，观山水、写山水的内在动因和共 同心理契机，并初步探索美感经验之心理疗效。 Tang Dynasty poet Liu Zong Yuan’s (773-819) participation in a failed reformist movement led to his exile to Yongzhou for ten years（805-815）. The setback caused him great grief. In exile, Liu combed the landscapes of Yongzhou and was intrigued when he stumbled upon a series of unusual landscape scenery in western Yongzhou. Subsequently, he penned the famous travelogue series, “Eight Records of Excursions in Yongzhou”. It is mentioned in the History of Chinese Literature that Liu fused his emotions with the landscape scenery in his travelogues, through which he derived consolation. However, I felt that the psychological process behind the derivation of consolation through sightseeing followed by travelogue-writing could be further explored. This thesis views Liu’s aesthetic experience as a combination of aesthetic stimulation during sightseeing and artistic expression in his travelogues. The causal relation between aesthetic experience and derivation of consolation is explored; from which a hypothesis that “Aesthetic experience yields a psychological healing effect” is formed. To prove the hypothesis true, Liu’s “Eight Records of Excursions in Yongzhou” is used as an illustration. Firstly, the concepts of “assimilation” and “accommodation” under Genetic Psychology theory and the concept of having “peak experiences” will be employed to analyse Liu’s aesthetic experience during sightseeing. Next, representations of Chinese Painting art elements frequently expressed in his travelogues will be discussed. Finally, the thesis explains how effects of “assimilation”, “accommodation” and “peak experiences” as well as laws of “Psychical Distance”, “Inner Imitation”, “Rhythm” and “Unity of Opposites” pertaining to aesthetic experience yields a psychological healing effect in Liu’s case, bringing him pleasure, carefreeness, motivation and balance in life once again. All in all, the thesis aims to elicit the common reason and mentality behind the common phenomena of depressed ancient literati going on sightseeing trips and writing travelogues. Also, it hopes to explore the psychological healing effect of aesthetic experience preliminarily.Bachelor of Art